The issue of necessity of clear reasoning behind the indicators of efficiency operation of heat supply systems is discussed in the research. The issue of finding out the main methods of improvement of efficiency operation of heat supply systems was also discussed in the work.The analysis of definition of theory of efficiency was carried out. The main indicators of energy saving are introduced. The methods of improvement of efficiency operation of heat supply systems are discussed in the research. Also the literature review in the field of optimization of indicators of operation of heat supply systems was done.The conclusion about necessity of carrying out the optimization of indicators of operation of heat supply systems with use of exergic methods was done.