The growing concern about earth climate changes has induced the worldwide ecological awareness and consequently the revival of construction which uses wood and wood based products in the last few decades. The aim of the paper is to promote building structures of wood and to point out its sustainability and energy efficiency in South Eastern Europe construction sector. A few examples of typical multi-layered structural wall systems present in the Balkans region, accompanied with the analysis of the thermal transmittance coefficients "U" and the water vapour diffusivity are given in the paper. The conclusion points out a suitable, reasonable and advisable use of wood in the building sector.