The paper studies the temperature dependence of the surface of the asphalt concrete on the temperature of the environment of different Russian cities road-climatic zones with a view to determining the most effective method of calculating the temperature of the coating of the road. There are the materials of research, which shows that the fluctuation range of the surface temperature of asphalt pavement is roughly proportional to the range of air temperatures. Especially dangerous is winter and spring period, when the change in temperature occurs unevenly, as a result of which there is a decrease in strength and deterioration of transport performance indicators. Seasonal and diurnal variations of the temperature of pavement can be levelled by applying a special composition, which allows to maintain approximately the same temperature of the coating during the entire period of exploitation.