The object of research are apartment residential buildings located in various climatic zones of the Russian Federation with application of outer walls made of autoclaved aerated concrete blocks. Based on the results of thermovision quality inspection of thermal insulation the temperature anomalies and defects in outer walls are revealed. The rules of division of wall made of autoclaved aerated concrete blocks on a heat-shielding elements are formulated. Using the original method the evaluation of thermophysical quality of the outer walls made of autoclaved aerated concrete blocks is executed. The analysis of results shows that thermophysical influence of knots of building elements without additional thermal insulation is considerable and makes from 48 to 50%. Interfaces of walls to interfloor and balcony plates have the greatest thermophysical influence that is caused by the big extent of these knots. In such constructive decision these knots don't provide the requirement of full thermal insulation. The lack of an additional heat-insulation layer reduces thermophysical quality of a design in general (relative resistance to heat transfer is 0.7...0.71). Additional thermal insulation of a wall outside with application of highly effective insulating products levels the temperature field, reduces thermophysical influence of knots to 16% and increases thermophysical quality of a design (r = 0.75). Based on the results of contact measurements of values of temperatures and thermal streams in natural conditions the actual values of resistance to a heat transfer of the studied types of walls are defined. Additional external thermal insulation significantly improves thermophysical properties on the base surface of walls. The received results can be used at specification of calculated operational parameters of facade systems with outer walls made of autoclaved aerated concrete blocks of various types of building in the Russian Federation.