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  <front xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="elibrary">33407</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Construction of Unique Buildings and Structures</journal-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
          <trans-title>Строительство уникальных зданий и сооружений</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2304-6295</issn>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18720/CUBS.82.1</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Minimizing Earthwork Volumes by Optimizing Vertical Alignment with Linear Programming Algorithm</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
          <trans-title>Minimizing Earthwork Volumes by Optimizing Vertical Alignment with Linear Programming Algorithm</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Artun</surname>
            <given-names>Aytug</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
          <email>aytugartun@gmail.com</email>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-0840-6828</contrib-id>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57196054199</contrib-id>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">R-6085-2016</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Radaev</surname>
            <given-names>Anton Evgenevich</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
          <email>TW-inc@yandex.ru</email>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-3054-1786</contrib-id>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">6508255564</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Badenko</surname>
            <given-names>Vladimir Lvovich</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
          <email>vbadenko@gmail.com</email>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation</aff>
      <aff id="aff2">Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University</aff>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2019-06-10">
        <day>10</day>
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2019</year>
      </pub-date>
      <issue>7</issue>
      <issue-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">82</issue-id>
      <fpage>7</fpage>
      <lpage>13</lpage>
      <self-uri xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" content-type="pdf" xlink:href="https://unistroy.spbstu.ru/userfiles/files/2019/7(82)/872_2.pdf"/>
      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>Earthwork cost is one of the major cost items (approximately 25% of the construction costs) in road construction projects. The amount of earthwork volumes therefore earthwork cost, mostly depends on the geometry of the road vertical alignment. We can conclude that an optimized vertical alignment has a profound impact on earthwork costs. In this research paper, we minimize earthwork cost by optimizing vertical alignment with the help of developed linear programming algorithm. Proposed linear programming algorithm is based on simplex method with branch and bound improvement which optimizes vertical alignment in piece-wise manner. After the optimization of vertical alignment, earthwork volumes are calculated in the road design software with average end area volume calculation method. We provide numerical results which include earthwork volumes and cost improvements over preliminary design.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Earthwork</kwd>
        <kwd>Optimization models</kwd>
        <kwd>Linear Programming</kwd>
        <kwd>Road Construction</kwd>
        <kwd>Vertical Alignment</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
