Assessment of the impact of hydraulic engineering construction materials on the environmental safety of aquaculture facilities

The research purpose is to scientifically substantiate and develop an integrated approach to hydraulic structures of the fisheries complex by introducing environmentally neutral building materials (in particular, geopolymer concretes) and improving the regulatory and methodological framework for assessing their impact on aquatic ecosystems. The study hypothesis is that the replacement of traditional hydraulic engineering materials based on Portland cement and toxic polymers with geopolymer composites and environmentally inert structures will stabilize the hydrochemical parameters of the aquatic environment (in particular, the pH level), eliminate the migration of toxic ions and heavy metals, which, together with the introduction of bioengineering solutions, will ensure the sustainable functioning of fisheries ecosystems and the conservation of biodiversity. The authors have developed an expanded classification of hydraulic engineering materials that takes into account not only physical strength, but also the potential for chemical migration of toxicants and their effect on the hydrochemical regime. The scientific article systematizes the factual data on the negative impact of non-ecological materials on the ichthyofauna (death of juveniles, degradation of spawning grounds, accumulation of metals), confirming the need to revise approaches to the design of hydraulic structures. When verifying the hypothesis, the superiority of geopolymer concrete over its traditional Portland cement counterpart in fishing conditions has been scientifically substantiated: pH stability (7.5−8.5), immobilization of heavy metals in the matrix, and the absence of the need for toxic additives.

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